Month: July 2020

Invasive Pneumococcal Infection – A Clue to Immunodeficiency

Pneumococcus, or Streptococcal pneumoniae, is an encapsulated gram positive organism. SO that is not a surprise to most people reading this. Here is a diagram of the capsule: Strep pneumo joins other encapsulated organisms such as Haemophilus influenza and Nisseria meningiditis in causing havoc in certain immunodeficiency states. These include anything that affect the opsonization

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C. Diff Testing Menu:

This is a topic that can be confusing, given the different numbers of assays and treatment algorithms that exist. Different hospitals have their own algorithm so this makes this a bit confusing when going from one shop to the next. In general, testing (at least nowadays) tends to fall into 2 general categories: Enzyme immunoassay

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Surgery in Native Valve Infective Endocarditis

In general, this tends to be a tricky subject. Add that to the fact that there are varying recommendations from different societies, it becomes difficult to figure out the who and when (I assume the surgeons will figure out the how). Here, we will look at timing of surgical intervention in left sided native infective

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Invasive Group B Streptococcus

The rate of invasive group B streptococcal infection has been rising for the past few years. Originally described in neonates and pregnant woman, the incidence of invasive disease has risen significantly in the non-pregnant adults. Early studies (1, 2) from Atlanta in the early 90s found that in non-pregnant adults, bacteremia without a focus and

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On to Plague

The history of plague and its place in human history is difficult to argue. There are 3 major pandemics that are attributed to the organism Yersinia Pestis: The “Justinian” Plague during the Byzantine Empire The “Black Death” during Medieval Europe The “Third Pandemic” that began in the late 19th Century and likely ongoing until today

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Vertebral Osteomyelitis – Length of Therapy

The duration of therapy in vertebral osteomyelitis tends to be prolonged, usually 6 weeks of more. If there is anything to take away from this, is that at least 6 weeks of antibiotics for vertebral osteomyelitis is usually fine, but there are certain exceptions that may warrant longer duration of therapy. Some well cited data

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