MIC, PK/PD Indices, and Antibiotic Breakpoints

I discussed C. auris in my last post and pointed out that, due to the relative novelty of the organism, there are no “defined” breakpoints when it comes to drug-bug combinations. While I did say that fluconazole, in many instances, was considered “resistant”, the truth is I cannot say that with 100% confidence as there

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Emergence of the New Menace! Candida Auris and the Rise of MDR Yeasts.

Ear yeast! That is the translation of Candida auris. It was discovered by isolation from an ear infection in an elderly patient in Japan in 2009 and since then it has been isolated in places such as India, southeast Asia and several parts of south America (1-4):  One of the defining characteristics is its resistance

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Adjunctive Rifampin in Staphylococcal Infections – Primer for Bacteremia and Endocarditis

The use of rifampin for staphylococcal infections is a bit controversial. The recommendation seems to be its use on infections involving prosthetic material, such as prosthetic valve endocarditis or prosthetic joint infections. For instance, the AHA infective endocarditis (1) guidelines recommends the addition of rifampin to a regimen consisting of vancomycin to infectious caused by

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MDRO, DTR, WTF? Defining drug-resistance in Gram Negative Organisms

Gram negatives are a nightmare. Or at least, they are becoming a nightmare with all new patterns of resistance, beta-lactamases and carbapenamases, and plasmid-encoded resistances bringing forth the new generation of beta-lactam and beta-lactamase combinations that I find difficult to keep up with. The definitions of multi-drug resistant organisms tend to be more geared towards

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Prophylactic Antibiotics for Recurrent Cellulitis

I meant to write about HTLV-1 tropical spastic paraparesis, however halfway through reading the papers I realized I bit more than I could chew. This is likely due to the fact I am awful with neurology (despite being a neuro major in college) and my lack of familiarity with tropical medicine. Needless to say, that

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The Antibiotic Nightmare – M. Abscessus

Mycobacterium abscessus therapy is kind of a crapshoot. It is unfortunate to say it like that yet the resistance profiles for this complex of mycobacteria and the microbiology of it make it a frustrating organism to treat. This organism has been called an “antibiotic nightmare” for multiple reasons.  Let’s start here. M. abscessus (as I

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PJP in AIDS-Patients vs non-AIDS Patients

Consider this post a continuation of the prior one on prophylaxis. I mention a bit on the pathophysiology, where adaptive immunity seems to play a key role in the way the body deals with the fungus, with mice with SCID infected with pneumocystis not being able to mount an inflammatory response. As a result of

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